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Infrastructure is...

ghakim
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"Infrastructure is material (roads, pipes, sewers, and grids); it is social (institutions, economic systems, and media forms); and it is philosophical (intellectual trajectories: dreamt up by human ingenuity and nailed down in concrete forms). Infrastructure has a capaciousness and scope that makes it both an infinitely useful concept and a concept that is open to facile misinterpretation or to being encumbered by overuse."

Infrastructure as paradox

  • Infrastructures, paradoxically, both mitigate and magnify precarity in the Anthropocene.

  • The overtly human-centered orientation of infrastructure led us to our third paradox: the purpose of infrastructure is to mitigate risk, yet it also introduces new risks. 

pece_annotation_1480346651

tamar.rogoszinski
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This study contains findings by the National Center for Transgender Equality and the National Gay and Lesbian Task Force. It is written by  Jaime M. Grant, Ph.D., Lisa A. Mottet, J.D., and Justin Tanis, D.Min. With Jody L. Herman, Ph.D., Jack Harrison, and Mara Keisling.

pece_annotation_1480346824

tamar.rogoszinski
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In response to

This article states that, "transgender and gender non-conforming people frequently experience discrimination when accessing health care, from disrespect and harassment to violence and outright denial of service," which has caused this report to be written. The main issues are that transgender and gender non-conforming people are discriminated against when it comes to finding housing, health and partnership benefits, or jobs. Policy makers and the media dismiss these people and don't focus or care about them. As a result, the National Center for Transgender Equality and the National Gay and Lesbian Task Force formed a ground-breaking research partnership to address this problem.

pece_annotation_1480347044

tamar.rogoszinski
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This report consists of barriers faced by transgender and gender non-conforming people. Specifically with access to healthcare. It also includes statistics about HIV/AIDS, drug abuse, and suicidal tendencies. They also provide information regarding transition-related care with respect to counseling, hormones, and surgery.  

pece_annotation_1480348334

tamar.rogoszinski
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This report addresses the issues of bias and discrimination, which is important for technical professionals to know so that they can avoid making these errors in judgement and provide proper standard of care to everyone. This is important because 19% of the respondents were refused treatment at one point, which is absolutely terrible. 

pece_annotation_1480348842

tamar.rogoszinski
Annotation of
In response to

According to Google Scholar, this report has been cited over 130 times. It has been used in various other articles regarding gender identity and discrimination. Many articles are also discussing counseling and support that this community requires. Some news reports have used this as a citing of statistical data. 

pece_annotation_1480349009

tamar.rogoszinski
Annotation of
In response to

This report includes Recommendations towards the end that provides an analysis of the data collected and ways in which these can be improved and fixed in the community. Some include that insurance companies should cover transgender-related health care, ways to end violence against this community, that medical providers should avoid bias and provide proper, equal care, and that more data needs to be collected and obtained to continue in the fight against discrimination.