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4. How scales (county, regional, neighborhood, census tract) can be seen through this data resource?

mtebbe

Facilities and enforcement case searches can both easily be limited by geography (EPA region, city, state, zip code, county, proximity to national border, and watershed). The tool also automatically produces maps that allow users to see the distribution of facilities across space.

3. What data is drawn into the data resource and where does it come from?

mtebbe

This database uses a broad variety of data. Most of the data is collected by the EPA itself. Users are able to search for facilities regulated under the following systems:

  • Risk Management Plan (RMP)
  • Toxic Release Inventory (TRI)
  • National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) - under the Clean Water Act
  • ICIS-Air
  • Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) - hazardous waste
  • Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA)
  • Superfund Enterprise Management System (SEMS)
  • Clean Air Markets Division Business System (CAMDBS)
  • Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program (GHGRP)
  • Emissions Inventory System
  • Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA)

When looking at individual facilities, the database provides detailed facility reports, enforcement case reports (civil and criminal), air pollutant reports, effluent charts, pollutant loading reports, effluent limit exceedances reports, CWA program area reports, permit limits reports, and other facility documents as available. The database provides easy ways to download and map the data. The database also allows users to narrow facilities searches using demographic data from EJScreen (also maintained by the EPA), the U.S. Census, and tribal land data.

Users can also look for information on federal administrative and judicial enforcement actions through an enforcement case search.

1. What is this data resource called and how should it be cited?

mtebbe

The Enforcement and Compliance History Online (ECHO) Database, maintained by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Enforcement and Compliance History Online (ECHO) Database. 2022. Available online: https://echo.epa.gov/ (accessed on 17 March 2022).

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tamar.rogoszinski

This study contains findings by the National Center for Transgender Equality and the National Gay and Lesbian Task Force. It is written by  Jaime M. Grant, Ph.D., Lisa A. Mottet, J.D., and Justin Tanis, D.Min. With Jody L. Herman, Ph.D., Jack Harrison, and Mara Keisling.

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tamar.rogoszinski

This article states that, "transgender and gender non-conforming people frequently experience discrimination when accessing health care, from disrespect and harassment to violence and outright denial of service," which has caused this report to be written. The main issues are that transgender and gender non-conforming people are discriminated against when it comes to finding housing, health and partnership benefits, or jobs. Policy makers and the media dismiss these people and don't focus or care about them. As a result, the National Center for Transgender Equality and the National Gay and Lesbian Task Force formed a ground-breaking research partnership to address this problem.

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tamar.rogoszinski

This report consists of barriers faced by transgender and gender non-conforming people. Specifically with access to healthcare. It also includes statistics about HIV/AIDS, drug abuse, and suicidal tendencies. They also provide information regarding transition-related care with respect to counseling, hormones, and surgery.