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Harmful PM2.5 emissions in Dhaka, Bangledesh prompting researchers to study emissions during winter and monsoon season.

helena.dav
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Assessing the PM2.5 impact of biomass combustion in megacity Dhaka, Bangladesh - PubMed (nih.gov)

This article is about crop burning in Dhaka, Bangladesh and attempts to figure out if there is more or less harmful PM2.5 particulate air pollution caused by either fossil fuels or biomass, and during which season is one or the other higher in the air pollution it produces. During monsoon season, fossil fuels lead in the most PM2.5 releases at 44.3%. When it is not monsoon season and is the winter season, the percentages are way higher for PM2.5 air particulate releases at 41.4% for the remainder of the year. Across the globe, there are now people stepping up to uncover the true and real environmental and health impacts this harmful particulate byproduct causes in different parts of the world and with differring weather conditions than what we see in North Carolina. 

Emissions from Biomass Burning in South/Southeast Asia; correcting the miscalculation about the PM2.5 emissions from burning.

helena.dav
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https://www.researchgate.net/publication/351209404_PM25_Emissions_from_…;

This study is set in South/Southeast Asia and uncovering that, when trying to count the percentages of PM2.5 put off during biomass, the true amount of emissions were being gravely undercalculated. Specifically rice straw burning becuase the amount burned varied so much because of different harvest and burning practices that it just wasn't taken into consideration. What this study does is go bottom up using these strategies: "subnational spatial database of rice-harvested area, region-specific fuel-loading factors, region, and burning-practice-specific emission and combustion factors, including literature-derived estimates of straw and stubble burned"(Lasko et al. 2021, 1). 

The Clean Air Act and the EPA laws and regulations against harmful PM2.5 air pollutant matter

helena.dav
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The most common air pollutants are called criteria pollutants and are regulated by the Clean Air Act and the EPA. These pollutants are: particles, ozone, nitrogen oxides, sulfer dioxide, carbon monoxide, and lead. The EPA have sections under the CAA that help regulate factories and air pollution in the environment. For example section 108 requires the EPA to identify the pollutants that are criteria pollutants, listed above, and determine if where they are coming from and if they "endander public health or welfare". Under section 109 the EPA had to set standards across the board for air pulltion in regard to human health and to the environemtn sperately (Christopher D. Ahlers 2016, 51-52).  There are many more sections that go into detail about what the CAA can do and what the EPA members are required to do as well. 

Ahlers, Christopher D. “Wood Burning, Biomass, Air Pollution, and Climate Change.” Environmental Law 46, no. 1 (2016): 49–104. 

National Health Institute

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1. Instituto Nacional de Salud -INS- (National Health Institute) is one of the State-funded leading health and biomedicine institutions in charge of: i. Developing and managing scientific knowledge on health and biomedicine, in order to contribute the health conditions of people; ii. Researching health and biomedicine through basic and applied sciences; iii. Monitoring health safety; iv. Act as a national laboratory of reference.
2. During the beginning of Covid 19, INS has monitored the cases in Colombia, analyzed positive results from national labs, organize and systematize datasets; inform citizens about infection numbers and projections, and recommend epidemiological models to the central government.

Source link (here)

National Health Institute: Open Data

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https://www.datos.gov.co/Salud-y-Protecci-n-Social/Casos-positivos-de-COVID-19-en-Colombia/gt2j-8ykr/data

This is the online open data about the evolution of COVID-19 displayed by the National Health Institute INS (Instituto Nacional de Salud) from Colombia.

1. The INS publishes this data after gathering results from the rest of the country.
2. This informations supports government´s decisions on quarantine, projections and bringing normal life back.
3. The INS has criticized the results of tests received from some regions. They argue that they are not well handled and they must not to be reconfirmed.

The Group of Inmunovirology of the University of Antioquia

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The Group of Inmunovirology of the University of Antioquia isolated and cultured SARS-CoV2, the pathogen that causes the COVID-19. This will allow researchers to test how the virus acts against antiviral medication and desinfectant products, that will provide key information about the effectiveness of those.

Link source (here)

Evidence on cabin desinfection

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Cabin disinfection started to by adopted in different public places in Colombia, either by initiative of the private sector or public institutions. However, in this bulletin, the Ministry of Health reminds that they could harm human health and there is not evidence of its effectiveness.

https://www.minsalud.gov.co/Paginas/Cabinas-desinfectantes-no-son-recomendables-para-covid-19.aspx