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Assessing the PM2.5 impact of biomass combustion in megacity Dhaka, Bangladesh - PubMed (nih.gov)

This article is about crop burning in Dhaka, Bangladesh and attempts to figure out if there is more or less harmful PM2.5 particulate air pollution caused by either fossil fuels or biomass, and during which season is one or the other higher in the air pollution it produces. During monsoon season, fossil fuels lead in the most PM2.5 releases at 44.3%. When it is not monsoon season and is the winter season, the percentages are way higher for PM2.5 air particulate releases at 41.4% for the remainder of the year. Across the globe, there are now people stepping up to uncover the true and real environmental and health impacts this harmful particulate byproduct causes in different parts of the world and with differring weather conditions than what we see in North Carolina. 

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/351209404_PM25_Emissions_from_…;

This study is set in South/Southeast Asia and uncovering that, when trying to count the percentages of PM2.5 put off during biomass, the true amount of emissions were being gravely undercalculated. Specifically rice straw burning becuase the amount burned varied so much because of different harvest and burning practices that it just wasn't taken into consideration. What this study does is go bottom up using these strategies: "subnational spatial database of rice-harvested area, region-specific fuel-loading factors, region, and burning-practice-specific emission and combustion factors, including literature-derived estimates of straw and stubble burned"(Lasko et al. 2021, 1). 

The most common air pollutants are called criteria pollutants and are regulated by the Clean Air Act and the EPA. These pollutants are: particles, ozone, nitrogen oxides, sulfer dioxide, carbon monoxide, and lead. The EPA have sections under the CAA that help regulate factories and air pollution in the environment. For example section 108 requires the EPA to identify the pollutants that are criteria pollutants, listed above, and determine if where they are coming from and if they "endander public health or welfare". Under section 109 the EPA had to set standards across the board for air pulltion in regard to human health and to the environemtn sperately (Christopher D. Ahlers 2016, 51-52).  There are many more sections that go into detail about what the CAA can do and what the EPA members are required to do as well. 

The main findings presented in the article is that finding accurate data on violence to healthcare workers is difficult, there are many types of violence and the incidents may not be reported due to fear the participants in the event may have chose not to report them. Violence can also be defined in many different ways creating discrepancies in reporting.

The argument is supported using multiple historical accounts such as the 1850 Hauge st explosion where the boiler failure investigation consisted of people who were experts on the boiler, on the man who controlled the boiler and his habits. The disaster was blamed on those who were directly involved in the boiler’s sale, upkeep and use. Next the article uses findings of the Iroquois theatre fire and puts the people who designed the building at fault. Freeman, a well educated engineer analyzed the faults of the building and deemed that many factors caused the fire. The 1814 burning of the capitol is used as evidence because the government did not want to spend the time or money to build the building properly to prevent the fire. The investigation was spearheaded by Lathrobe who attempted to rebuild in the proper way, but ultimately failed due to political reasons.

This group works in social ecologies that are mostly controlled by the government; not what may be best for the people. but what is best for the government financially. PHR works to help those who social justice or human rights have been stripped for little to no reason. This shapes the way the organization views disaster because they believe that disaster can begin with one person who is not living up to their standards of life due to someone or something else. Disaster is a comprehensive network of interlocking pieces, when one piece is out of place it is defined as a place to start.

6. Emergency response is addressed in the article because the article begs for those to help when  the event happened. While fixing the structural areas of the disaster (such as the levee) the lives and culture of the people were more important. There was little to no focus on rehousing those who were displaced.Despite that there was money specifically allocated to helping those rebuild, rehouse and/or move out of New Orleans, very little money was actually seen by those who needed it most. People also waited for days to be saved from their flooded homes. While it may be dangerous it is unethical to leave people for long periods of time. Money needs to be spent on preventing the levee from breaking again.

The system provides patient and provider sessions via video call, track daily behavior and improvement, clinical expertise, authorization to see your data, to find providers, credentialed counseling, appointments on the go, session history and patient profiles, full scheduling and provider bio, tracked progress, assessments of mental health, automated payments, systems integration, operational analytics and coordinated care.

The report’s bibliography is extensive and the report contains many direct quotes and figures. This indicates the article took a long time to put together and create- increases its credibility and use as a resource in this topic.

This article has been references on many academic websites discussing the topic of biological citizenship, as well as how radiation from the disasters such as these can effect a country as a whole.