Analyze

publication of data in open science

I looked more into the U.S. policy on uninsured patients, ER hospital policy, and how they are treated. If you go the ER without insurance, you are expected to pay the full bill; however you are guaranteed under the federal Emergency Medical Treatment and Labor Act to receive treatment regardless of your ability to pay it. There are assistance programs available to help those whom cannot afford to pay their medical bills. Some of these are private charities, there are government programs that help with those at or below the poverty line, and the hospitals themselves will often negotiate a much lower price than originally billed for to meet a patient’s financial need. Despite this, there are still many cases where all of the above are not sufficient enough to keep patients out of bankruptcy. (http://health.howstuffworks.com/medicine/go-to-er-without-insurance.htm)

Since the article reported that this is the fourth edition of the design, most of the problems are solved during the refurbishment of product. So there are not many problems with the design as they tested with the publics. But they plan to make the bridge “stronger, longer, lighter, more compact and quicker to set up”.

The extensive citation show the work that went into the research to put the article together. The article cites other research articles as well as government publications and interviews.

This study has let the news agencies to have a new term to report with the articles that relevant to public health and mass imprisonment when introducing contents to the general publics. The data and observations been made within the epidemiological study has assisted the new articles to explain the incarcerated group in a more colloquial and easy understanding way.

“When public health authorities talk about an epidemic, they are referring to a disease that can spread rapidly throughout a population, like the flu or tuberculosis.

But researchers are increasingly finding the term useful in understanding another destructive, and distinctly American, phenomenon — mass incarceration.” [http://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/27/opinion/mass-imprisonment-and-public-…]

“Since the 1970s, the correctional population in the US has ballooned by 700 percent.  This phenomenon is often referred to as mass incarceration.” [http://www.philly.com/philly/blogs/public_health/Mass-Incarceration-A-P…]

Professional uses citations:

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Dr. Emily Goldmann graduated from the University of Michigan with her PhD in Epidemiology and Columbia University with a Bachelor’s in economics and Chinese. Dr. Goldmann is currently a clinical assistant Professor of Global Public Health at New York University. “I am currently on the faculty of NYU's College of Global Public Health, in the Division of Social Epidemiology. My current research focuses on the intersection between physical and mental health in older adults, specifically trajectories of depressive symptoms following stroke. I also have a strong interest in the characterization, prevention, and treatment of mental illness in low-resource settings globally. I currently teach a master's level course in global mental health and an introductory course in epidemiology to undergraduate students.” (LinkedIn profile)

Dr. Sandro Galea graduated from University of Toronto with his MD, Harvard with a MPH, and Columbia with a DPH. Dr. Galea works as a physician and epidemiologist at Boston University School of Public Health. “In his scholarship, Dr Galea is centrally interested in the social production of health of urban populations, with a focus on the causes of brain disorders, particularly common mood-anxiety disorders and substance abuse. He has long had a particular interest in the consequences of mass trauma and conflict worldwide, including as a result of the September 11 attacks, Hurricane Katrina, conflicts in sub-Saharan Africa, and the American wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. ” (Boston University Biography)

From the links provided within the article, relevant information about Hurricane Katrina can be viewed with the commentary and archival articles that published in The New York Times that written by other authors.

Also the author has made in contact with Memorial Medical Center in Uptown New Orleans to focus on the investigation into the detail situations happened with the floodwaters. Afterwards, gained more information on the lethal injection issues.

[http://www.nytimes.com/topic/subject/hurricane-katrina?inline=nyt-class…]

[http://www.nytimes.com/topic/subject/hurricanes-and-tropical-storms-hur…]

The bibliography is not included in the excerpt that we received. Based on the text it appears that many other research articles and outside studies were used as well as interviews.

Language difficulties; Non smart phone users; No internet connection etc.

The author uses a wide variety of news and journal sources to make their point. Everything from the New York Times to East Asian Science. It also cites many volumes on disaster preparedness. For example, “The Chernobyl Accident: a Case Study in International Law Regulation State Responsibility for Transboundary”. The sources tell me that the article was developed around the news at the time and works that dealt with handling of disasters from the past. For me, this furthers the case that the author is making: that the way we have been doing things in the past is not working.