Analyze

In New Orleans, African American communities were not only hit hard by Katrina's floods, but also by violent policing during the catastrophe and a disaster "recovery" effort that was fundamentally Anti-Black (closing of publich housing and the privatization of schools and health care). Recovery efforts were not organized along ideals of racial justice that would have addressed gaps in educational and health care resources. Instead, they were imagined along neoliberal principles that systematically excluded the city's Black population. I am interested in looking into how the Anti-Blackness of Katrina "recovery" set the stage for the virulent way COVID 19 is affecting New Orleans' African American communities.

In the US Virgin Islands, Hurricanes Maria and Irma decimated what were already decrepit public school and public health systems. Public schools and hospitals had not been property repaired and remained under-supported as of early March 2020. In places like the Island of St. Croix, residents reported the hospital having only one physicial on staff, and indicated fear of misdiagnosis and prolonged waiting times kept them from seeking health care there. The clientelle of the public health system is predominantly Afro and Hispanic Caribbean. Meanwhile, US "mainlanders" (who are predominantly white) are reported to seek their healthcare off island, something only those with ample financial resources can do. Infection rates and fatality rates for the USVI seem rather low from official reports, but it is important to find out if this is because testing itself is not readily avialable in the territory.

Media coverage from hard-hit cities suggests there is a disproportionate number of arrests and citations related to enforcement of social distancing among racial minorities.

Also, police response seems to have followed very different patterns in the case of "re-open" protests and anti-police brutality protests.

The main findings presented in the article is preventing epidemics, watching global health patterns, reviewing past health epidemics. The article analyzes the ways health can be secured through keeping food in your home country, to preventing epidemics by looking at health globally. The article also mentions factors that can cause illness that include: bio weapons, biological labs, the food industry, travel, etc.

The main author  Fughammer has areas of expertise in economics, politcal science and global health, he is a research fellow at Stockholm international peace institute.  The other authors listed have expertise in healthcare and come from various research instituions. A variety of knowledge indicates a variety of perspectives on the subject.

The author is Scott Gabriel knowles he works for the department of history and politics at Drexel University. His area of expertise is risk and disaster in modern cities, technology and public policy.

The research the organization has done in the past year is calling for the closure of Guantanomo Bay and ensuring that the US accepts Syrian refugees. They have taken first hand accounts of individuals in both circumstances. They provide annual reports for each year of the work they have accomplished these reports are extensive and explain what human rights were taken away and what PHR has done to help.

1. “ for many people, the idea that they had to stay in a state of heightened response to the pending ‘crisis’- a state they had to already been in for over two years- produced huge anxiety and exhaustion”

“ Within two years, 4,600 of the publically subsidized housing units in New Orleans were being torn down and $1 billion was committed by HUD to town developers to create “mixed income residences; however developers were not expected or required to build one to one replacements for units lost”

“ Not surprisingly, residents and those still trying to return to New Orleans are asking the question: Where did all the Federal money go?”

The system is used by patients, providers, caregivers and hospitals.

Emergency response is not discussed much in this article. The article discusses that other basic needs like shelter, food and safety need to be established before resources for mental health can be addressed. I believe that there needs to be emergency response for mental health because if it is not treated and recognized early it can develop into a life long issue.

The methods and data used to produce the claim, include historical accounts of what happened of Chernobyl, as well as direct quotes and data from field studies conducted in the towns surrounding Chernobyl in Ukarine. The study is also supported through numbers and figures that disect the economy and sicoer the negative impact the disaster had on Ukraine's economy- it created a need for disability to survive.