Analyze

This text historically traces the exploitative nature of energy supplies and charges (costs). Impactful statistics to consider in Oaxaca are that energy users pay for usage of one-hundred water plants when only twenty are operational but even more drastic is the fact energy companies overcharge residential customers to undercharge commercial customers (Boyer, 2019:100, 133). Here, we can think of COVID-19 parallels where nationwide job loss has burdened families' abilities to cope with utility bill payments. Companies have been pushing for cost/usage increases in residential sectors due to burdens experienced whilst contemporarily reducing cost/usage in commercial sectors. However, if burden experienced by residential customers is ignored, many will likely ask for subsidy payments, as CFE's customer base (98% of customers receive 70% off on their energy costs) (Boyer, 2019:152). The pre-COVID-19 burdens in Oaxaca have likely worsened since the advent of the COVID-19 pandemic, which should inform or at least direct wider discussions of energy rights as situated both within and outside a pandemic. More than informing understandings of COVID-19-situated conditions, this text provides us with the grounds to investigate pre-pandemic burdens and to discuss vulnerabilities to energy losses or scarcity, but also of the needs and willngness to promote efficiency, net-zero emissions, or even carbon neutral energy.

Energy is still seen as something we all need. The lights must say on, even under COVID-19, a national crisis with no end in sight, our current levels of energy consumption must remain the same. COVID-19 has not caused people to ask fundamental questions like "why do we use so much energy, do we need to? what even is energy?" We had even failed to do this to some extent. Electric companies offer payment options and plans, but their relationship to their customer has not fundamentally changed under COVID-19.

As we think of the COVID-19 and energy shifts due to closure for social distancing aims, we can think of Dr. Daggett's argument of energy systems modeled for energy intensive and productive labor. In a sense, despite COVID-19 shifting energy consumption to the residential area, we can argue COVID-19 has also led to an overall reduction in energy use for industrial sectors. However, these reduced expenditures are not as significant as energy analysts had anticipated and, instead, call to Dr. Daggett's discussions of energy governing labor and hierarchies, as developed in a 19th century world. We can think of ways in which our systems (socioeconomic and political) have become wholly dependent on energy production and, thus, even our leisure activities will inevitably lead to the consumption of energy. Our COVID-19 energy paradigms demonstrate energy is so engrained into our regimes, even social distancing measures cannot wholly reduce overall energy expendatures, despite best efforts. In a way, we should try to understand energy paradigms in Dr. Daggett's eyes as specifically situated in the COVID-19 pandemic.

Ministry cites a Chinese study about smoking and Covid-19, warning the risks of tobacco use of contagion and death. 

https://www.minsalud.gov.co/Paginas/Riesgos-del-tabaquismo-ante-el-covid-19.aspx

Cabin disinfection started to by adopted in different public places in Colombia, either by initiative of the private sector or public institutions. However, in this bulletin, the Ministry of Health reminds that they could harm human health and there is not evidence of its effectiveness.

https://www.minsalud.gov.co/Paginas/Cabinas-desinfectantes-no-son-recomendables-para-covid-19.aspx

https://www.minsalud.gov.co/Paginas/Las-cuatro-fases-para-enfrentar-el-…

Antonio Trujillo, Colombian professor at John Hopkins University, explains four phases which the country has to passed in order to manage the Covid crisis.

This annotation responds to the question of migration of Covid-19 knowledge as social critique across borders. In this "quick response" post, originally published in early March, philosopher Frédéric Neyrat outlines different forms of separatism in response to the virus.

original French: https://www.terrestres.org/2020/03/05/virus-et-separation/

eng translation https://territories.substack.com/p/viruses-and-separation

Neyrat begins with an analysis of the French context beginning with President Macron's strategic decision to move from a logic of the commons to a logic of separatism in criticizing French-Muslim activists. Neyrat characterizes this as political separatism: separating the State from its people in order to protect the State. Macron's position co-incides with the emergence of a different form of separatism linked to the pandemic. Neyrat describes this as biopolitical separatism, the phenomena of governments asking individuals to separate themselves in order to protect themselves and prevent the spread of Covid-19. 

Neyrat then moves then to characterize the novel coronavirus as an expression of globalization and the anthropocene. Covid-19 emerges within strategies to erase separation by building global networks of trade. This analysis of quarantine or social-distancing within an overarching effort to build global infrastructure thereby overcome separation is the strength of the short piece.  In effect, individuals are asked to stay separated within inseparable conditions.

Neyrat concludes by trying to distinguish between different forms of separatism. What kinds of separations do "we" want to produce and what kinds of separations do "we" want to overcome—I am thinking here of Duygu Kasdogan discussion of the complexity of "freedom." What does scholarly freedom mean? How does it intersect with the protestors in the US who argue that social distancing policies are an infringment on personal freedom?

Neyrat raises the possibility of a "Great Refusal," (citing Marcuse, Blanchot) as an open signifier that may produce "a political virality that does not consent to the world order."  The text ends by suggesting that a re-imagining of separation, as a contestation of taken-for-granted conditions of the thermo-industrial capitalism, might be possible.

A radio interview with Neyrat (beginning ~29:26) for WFBH's Interchange is linked here

The reference section of this article tells us about the type and number of sources that information from this article was drawn from. This article's research was drawn from a mix of online and print sources, consisting of international policy, agency reports, previous peer reviewed research articles, and news reports.

The bibliography suggests this article was produced through analysis of historical events and other works without any new experimentation or data collection.