The publisher is Institut de hautes études internationales et du développement. The article is initial contribution by Jean-Marc Biquet and refer to Andrea Binder.
NGO report, and Revues.org which is a platform for journals in the humanities and social sciences run by the CLEO.
The report collect the data after the Haiti's earthquake and epidemic, most reference data is between the 2011 to 2013. It is found many people in Haiti is still live in tents or under tarpaulins. The problem of emergency or reconsttuctions is come out.
It descripts the situation and problems when face the cholera epidemic. The serious problem of lacking water, hygiene and sanitation forced MSF have to take charging. The United Nations cluster system is not flexible to respond in a constantly changing environment and emergency relief. In addtion, the report shows the failure of the international promises is not match the expectation of Haitian people. It addressd to the success or failure of Humanitarian discourse is influenced by an important point which is management. The capacity deliver and the intergrity mangament can promoting the system and made a success humanitarian operation.
The report applied some other goverment research reports, organisation's research article, interview and telephone interview. It can shows the problem of the organisation or system after the disaster. Processing analysation and summary, it can help the organisation or system to promote and develop. The inadequate reponse for Haiti's disasters shows faliure of the aid system. However, the report shows the entire system cannot be condemn by a single case, and also there are two disasters happened in Haiti. The example of similar situation of facing the tsunami in Sri Lanka before the cluster system is built, in contrast, the cluster approach is more flexible as an informal selection mechanism during the Haiti earthquake response. The report have technical professionals to offer more reliable and more reference value.
The report brings humanitarian practitioners and acedemics to thinking, and improve the system working, management, coordination and respect to the local situations. The report also encourage to review the other problem, such as transparency of commondity traders to prevent the corruptions. The criticism in the report push organisations and government to solve the problem and improve.
Quoted from the front page of the website
"Our Mission ... to raise the physical, mental, social, and spiritual health of American Indians and Alaska Natives to the highest level.
Our Goal ... to assure that comprehensive, culturally acceptable personal and public health services are available and accessible to American Indian and Alaska Native people."
The membership consists of American natives who would like to receive the benefits of this organization. To be eligible to be a member you must be "an Indian and/or Alaskan Native" evidenced by several factors including being a part of a tribe, living on reservation land, or living in the household of a native. The employees consist of federal healthcare professionals commissioned by the United States Public Health Service and Civil Service federal employees.
Representatives of the Indian Health Service have made numerous congressional testimonies and numerous pieces of legislation have been passes to support the IHS, however, it does not appear that any relate to emergency response or disaster.
The IHS mainly focuses on disaster prevention and preparedness with initiatives such as teaching children about illness prevention, teaching about safe drinking water and food safety, preventing the spread of disease, and preventing injuries. They also have a number of resources available to their members to connect with healthcare professionals. This seems to be a community awareness type approach that prevents the spread of disease by teaching the community. It resembles that of many healthcare systems and does not seem to suggest problems with other approaches.