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The data used to produce the arguments made in the article included quotes from experts, figures and facts of immigration in France, examples of medical immigration reasoning and historical knowledge of medical immigration in Frnace.

The author is Didier Fassin. He is a French anthropologist and sociologist who has conducted fieldwork in Senegal, Ecuador, South Africa, and France. He currently works at the Institute for Advanced Study as a professor of Social Science. He is a trained physician in internal medicine and public health. He works with Doctors Without Borders and focused his early research on medical anthropology, the AIDS epidemic, mortality disparities, and global health. He has received many awards and has been an author on many publications, including several of his own books. His current work focuses on punishment, asylum, inequality, and politics of life. He also studies justice and prison systems. 

While this chapter does not discuss emergency response, its approach to discussing the public health aspects of immigrants and French policies created a discussion about how immigrants and others seeking asylum for various reasons should be treated. The focus of this chapter is more on the public health side of society and the humanitarian side of immigration.

" the incorportation of health status in the provisions of the law, initially as a block to deportation and subsequently as grounds for granting residence, marked as a watershed."

"The logic of state soverignty in the control of migration clearly prevailed over the universality of the principle of the right to life."

"His body is finally the only social resource capable of causing a comparison that has been translated into law and would prehaps allow him to be granted permission to remain."

I looked up deportation and medical reasoning, the medical reasons why undocumented migrants want access to France and how the US deals with undocumented immigrants in general (in comparison to France).

The author uses extensive data analysis in order to provide a perspective of the policy and its effect on France's social framework. He uses history and outlines laws in order to support his argument and bring in data. By using various anecdotes and stories about immigrants as well as his own field notes, the author was able to produce claims and create an argument about the health rights of immigrants. These stories also provided examples of how these health policies affected patients' lives directly. Statistics also helped the author validate his argument. 

Three ways the document is supported is using the history of France is allowing dieased immigrants into the country- none at all, with some exception and then applying a protocol. The article is also supported through using doctors and their perspective on the immigrants- not caring, wanting to follow the law or being compassionate. The last way is this article is supported is through claims filed by the immigrants themselves-whether they were completely legitimate in their reasons, had medical records falsified or their identity falsified- and the overall effects on the country.

The artilce does not contain a direct bibliography however, the direct quotes and figures, most come from governmental evidence or other history related documents.

1. "One might be tempted to see this as a medically virtuous circle, ... but one has to be conscious that it institutes the body as the immigrant's site of ultimate truth."
2. "These represent two contrasting approaches to the doctor's civic responsibility. However contradictory, the differing positions nevertheless reveal, each in its own way, how these professionals situated their medical expert opinion in a political space where the deontological points of reference had becommed blurred."
3. "...the organic importance of the body, is, basically, nothing more than the importance of the body as organ, or in other words, first as labor power, and only then as a form of self-presentation."
4. "....era in which demand for foreign labor made immigration a social necessity seems now so remote, the immigrant's body was entirely legitimized through its function as an instrument of production, the performance of which was interrupted by illness or accident."

1. I looked into the currently immigration and visa laws in France and found that when it comes to people seeking asylum, French law recognizes rights to asylum or political refugee status for a foreign-born person. They also use the rules of the Geneva Convention to come to this conclusion.
2. I looked at a comparison of Obamacare and the French health system. One aspect of the French healthcare system that would be relevant to currently public health issues in the US (ie, epipen costs) is the presence of an organization called the CNAMTS that monitor spending for services across the country. This organization can reduce the price of a drug or service (if it recognizes that the spending for it is too high) in order to make it more accessible.
3. I researched how France is dealing with the Syrian refugee crisis. Despite terrorist attacks that have occurred in France due to members of the Syria-and-Iraq-based terror group ISIL, the French president promised to take in 30,000 refugees by 2017.