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The main argument of this article is that the emergency response to 9/11 could have been more efficient and effective. The article cites a lack of communication between fire chiefs and firefighters in the towers, minimal cooperation between police and fire, as well as the determination of responding units to save as many people as possible even against orders to evacuate.

There are thousands of data collection apps that use similar technical system as Twine, one more popular app is Fulcrum which uses the same real time collection ideas and integration between existing data and new data. Fulcrum however is aimed towards medium businesses that need to coordinate between employees. There also exists several open source options that also allow for independent data collection.

This policy was created as an amendment to the Disaster Relief Act of 1974, in an effort to improve the plans for disaster relief and trigger addition federal help when the president declares a state of emergency. The Stafford Act in turn was amended twice in 2000 and 2006.

The organization membership includes two subsets, first the organization membership includes any and all active serviceman, veterans, and limited membership for their families. The other portion of membership includes administrators, doctors, and public health workers who work to provide the services needed.

This article has been referenced extensively by articles dealing with both medicine and related policies as well as the nuclear sciences and politics. Some such articles include, “Glioblastoma in a former Chernobyl resident” and “The pharmaceuticalisation of security: Molecular biomedicine, antiviral stockpiles, and global health security”.

The bibliography suggests this article was produced through analysis of historical events and other works without any new experimentation or data collection.

This article has not been references extensively, it appears to have been used in further research done by the author but I could not find other articles that referenced this one.

The article has primarily been referenced in later works by Paul E. Farmer who has written several other papers and articles on both the medical state of Haiti and Rwanda as well as structural violence in many capacities. The article was initially published in 2006 and has since been published in journals, books, as well as open online collections for use by the sts community.

• “incorporating gender-based violence both reveals and furthers the undoing of humanitarianism as we know it, both in its attempts to keep the political on the outside, and in the popular belief that humanitarianism can do the work of politics without its messiness – it is a symptom of its end, or perhaps in a more positive sense, it opens up a space to re-imagine both the humanitarian and the political.”
• “It seems that humanitarianism, as universalism, both erases and depends on difference; on the one hand, it manages difference, declawing it so that it doesn’t tear apart the humanitarian kit, made to fit and rehabilitate everyone into a basic bare-bones humanity.”
• “gender-based violence makes it clear that the suffering body – while purportedly universal – requires certain political, historical and cultural attributes to render it visible and worthy of care.”

The article primarily discuss the motivations behind emergency response, and how that effects the actions taken by emergency response organizations. The authors claim that emergency response is motivated primarily by nationalism or self-preservation due to the global threat posed by epidemics and other health crisis. The idea of an emergency modality is presented, where rapid response to emerging issues is used as a preventative measure to avoid the spread of a crisis across national borders. The authors claim that emergency modality is the usual protocol for global health organizations due to the funds and resources available after an emergency due to public attention that are difficult to obtain for long term health problems.