This article discusses emergency response in the historical incidents and described why emergency responders had difficulty rescuing victims and why there were so many fatalities. The article did not, however, discuss the details of the emergency response, it focused much more on how the situation happened and the political and social aftermath.
This question is a little difficult to answer due to the lack of bibliography; however, one can infer that the author conducted interviews or found interviews which were conducted by third parties as a portion of his research. The author also appears to have researched laws in France and the rest of the European Union.
The article focuses on rebuilding more resilliently,
"At the forefront of this work is NJIT’s Center for Resilient Design, housed at the university’s College of Architecture and Design. Established immediately post-Sandy, the Center conducts research and serves as a clearinghouse for expertise, ready-to-build designs, case studies and best practices. The Center is accessed by state and local leaders, business owners and residents living in areas especially vulnerable to flooding and storms."
UN - potentially caused the cholera outbreak, organized/managing response to the cholera outbreak without acknowledging responsibility for it
Pedro Medrano - UN coordinator for the response in Haiti
USAID - donor of approximately $1.5 billion since earthquake, uses international contractors to rebuild Haiti
Health Ministry - part of the Haitian govt. that manages country health and vaccinations
Ban Ki-moon - won't acknowledge possible UN role in creating cholera outbreak, UN Secretary-General
Haitian Government - currently undergoing disruption due to a change in terms of its Senators and disagreements between parties
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"We help people worldwide where the need is greatest, delivering emergency medical aid to people affected by conflict, epidemics, disasters, or exclusion from health care." From their website, they try to help people in medical emergencies where there isn't access to adequate healthcare.
The program began in January of 2015 and was founded to be the first-in-the-nation security college. It was formed with funding that Governor Cuomo allocated. It's founding comes during a time of growing need for homeland security professionals.
It appears that this is an NGO report. Human Rights Watch regularly publishes articles in an attempt to draw attention to percieved human rights issues throughout the world. They claim to be an independant organization supported by contributions from private individuals and foundations. They also deny accepting any government funds whether it be directly or indirectly.
Dr Schmid discusses her view that the engineers and scientists should not be the only people looking at the response to a nuclear incident. She believes that nuclear response teams need to move away from those in the late 1900s, in which a select technically-competent few were in charge of maintaining the safety and security of nuclear facilities, to those that bring together scholars, technical experts, and international relief organizations to educate the public and determine what is in the best interest of the residents of the area as well as society in general. Dr. Schmid believes that scholarship in science, technology, society studies applies to this situation and can be a great help in determining future actions.
The authors support their argument by referencing a study that showed that race was associated with how quickly one received therapeutics. They also referenced that PIH was able to help in Haiti by introducing a model of care in which the patients chose someone to assist them by delivering drugs and supportive care in their home. This person would live nearby and was seen by some as a very effective way to remove barriers to care for AIDS and other chronic diseases in impoverished environments. They also say by removing issues like access to clean water that impoverished areas see, MTCT rates of HIV decreased.