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The entirety of this document illustrates how vulnerable refugees are. They define refugee to be someone who has been persecuted for reasons of "race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion." They discuss the fear that refugees feel and that they should be treated favorably, sympathetically, and like other citizens of the contracting state. 

The "core competencies" as the academy calls them, or the 5 academic pillars that are necessary for DRLA are: human & social factors, economics of disaster, encironment and infrastructure, disaster oprations, and measurement and evaluation. 

In this program, either a Master of Science or a certificate can be obtained. A Master's degree would require 36 credits that can be done in 2 years or in 3 semesters. 18 of these credits must come from core courses that highlight each of the academic pillars as well as 2 research-based courses. The other 18 come from electives, 6 of which must be DRLS. In order to obtain a certificate, 12 credit hours of coursework over 2 semesters is needed. These 12 should be composed of 4 core academic pillar courses.

The aim of this program is "to equip students with a skill-set in emergency preparedness, nonprofit leadership, disaster management, grass-root development, monitoring and evaluation and disaster risk and recovery".  Through this aim and other goals, the requirements for the program create graduates with the professional responsibility, ethical behavior, and integrity expected of leaders in this field. 

Chief Bruce Shisheesh - chief of the Aboriginal people mentioned. Announced that the community was in a state of emergency.

House of Commons 

Dr. Caroline Tait - Psychiatry professor in the COllege of Medicine at the University of Saskatchewan. She helped start the First Peoples-First Person Indigenous Hub, a research initiative meant to examine mental health issues among Aboriginal People. She received her PhD from Departments of Anthropology and Social Studies of Medicine at McGill University. 

Nunavut Premier Peter Taptuna - declared suicide a crisis in the territory in order to avoid the temporary concern that a public health emergency would grant.

Manitoba Assembly Chiefs Grand Chief Derek Nepinak - pointed out the importance of preservation of culture on the mental wellness of these people.

Inuit people - have the highest suicide rate in the world

Bob Merasty - Federation of Saskatchewan Indian Nation Vice Chief. 

Georgina Jolibois - member of parliament for the region. Stood in the House of Commons and voiced concerns about mental health issues in the area and lack of resources or attention.

National Aboriginal Health Organization - non-profit organization meant to help the community. 

The triages are shown in a flow-chart type of visualization. The rest are on a selection basis. For example, for management algorithms, we are first given the option of: Incident Orientation, Contamination: Diagnose/Manage, Exposure: Diagnose/Manage Acute Radiation Syndrome, and Exposure & Contamination. Clicking one leads you to further flow charts describing the actions that should be taken place. Within those exists more information in order to help healthcare providers make correct, educated decisions on treatment. 

1. I looked for more information regarding the disaster.
2. Cancer projections as a result of this disaster
3. Current healthcare in these areas as a result of this disaster.

They calculated the observed/expected (O/E) ratio of thyroid cancer prevalence for residents in Fukushima Prefecture that were below the age of 20. Observed prevalence was calculated by the number of thyroid cancer cases detected by the end of April 2015. The number of detected cases was corrected for screening rate by multiplying the inverse of the age-specific screening rate. The expected prevalence was obtained from another report, which was calulated using a life-table method using national estimates from 2001-10. Age-specific prevalence of thyroid cancer was estimated using the cumulative risk from 2010. The annual percent change of increasing cases of thyroid cancer was taken into account as well. 

The author's name is Miriam Ticktin. She is an Associate Professor of Anthropology and Co-Director of Zolberg Institute for Migration and Mobility. Her PhD from Anthropology is from Stanford. Miriam works at the intersections of the anthropology of medicine and science, law, and transnational and postcolonial feminist theory. She has published many papers and a few books, some of which discuss borders as new forms of political inclusion and exclusion.

Emergency response is discussed more in terms of prevention. While the PIH model was used as a response to the high prevalence of disease in the area, it can be used to show how emergency response may require reaction using a model or system that can be long-term. Prevention is explored using the concept of structural violence and how inherrent structures within our society are causing spread of disease. The paper offers the idea that identifying issues within a society could help response to further emergencies.