One of the co-founders and current director, Dr. Josiah Rich, began the foundation after realizing the possibilities of treating patients with difficult, life-long diseases in a closed environment. After receiving a 5-year grant in 2002, and inspiration from a recurring patient named Charles Long, Rich began providing basic health care to prisoners in Rhode Island-- specifically focusing on addiction treatments. The foundation began when Dr. Rich and colleague Scott Allen, MD, turned results from this grant into a full-fledged advocacy center. They built on the long-standing tradition of Brown's Warren Alpert Medical School to work in Rhode Island correctional facilities; the inmate population provided an ample source for teaching young physicians, as well as large population well-suited for long-term research studies. While it began as an 5-year study into addiction and incarceration, the Center for Prisoner Health and Human Rights, based in Miriam, has substance abuse rehabilitation clinics, treats HIV/AIDs patients, and studies/treats lifelong infectious diseases such as tuberculosis.