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The author is Cynthia E. Lamy, she is a developmental and National Institute for Early Education Research educational psychologist and research fellow at Rutgers University.
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This study was conducted by using testing data from 4th-grade students from North Carolina, and comparing if they matched high blood lead levels. This method was conducted in seven counties through normal statistical methods.
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Some vulnerabilities blacks in Newark face are health issues like blood lead poisoning because they cannot afford to solve the issue.
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In order to allow jobs for Newark locals, a report from the New Jersey Institute for Social Justice called "Bridging the Two Americas: Employment and Economic Opportunity in Newark and Beyond" addresses the solutions for this problem. They call for more monitoring and enforcement of local hiring requirements under the first source ordinance.
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SNAP and WIC are two organizations helping low-income families. 30,000 Newark children are receiving SNAP benefits, and 12% of Newark residents are eligible for WIC. SNAP is the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program and WIC is the Supplemental Nutrition Program Women, Infants, and Children. Both organizations provide nutritious food to low-income families to prevent food insecurity.
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This study is published the Environmental Health Perspectives. The journal helps explain the continuity between human health and the environment. They publish topics like toxicology, epidemiology, exposure science, and risk assessment. The publication is ranked highly among professionals and has a rating of 8.44.
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This bar graph shows that blacks have the lowest median household income out of all races. This means that they are at most risk of hazards, they are most affected by poverty, with Hispanics being the second most affected.
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Food stamp (SNAP) rolls increased over the years, and the article addresses that this is a sign of poverty. The USDA is an agency that administers food stamps.
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The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) and Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) are two agencies that many low-income families are enrolled in. WIC provides nutritious food for pregnant, breastfeeding and postpartum women, infants and children up to the age of five; it is specifically available for household up to 185 percent of the federal poverty lines. SNAP provides low-income families with nutritious food.