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Anonymous (not verified)
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Lee argues that EJ practice has long stagnated over an inability to properly define the concept of disproportionate (environmental and public health) impacts, but that national conversations on system racism and the development of EJ mapping tools have improved his outlook on the potential for better application of the concept of disproportionate impact. Lee identifies mapping tools (e.g. CalEnviroScreen) as a pathway for empirically based and analytically rigorous articulation and analysis of disproportionate impacts that are linked to systemic racism. In describing the scope and nature of application of mapping tools, Baker highlights the concept of cumulative impacts (the concentration of multiple environmental, public health, and social stressors), the importance of public participation (e.g. Hoffman’s community science model), the role of redlining in creating disproportionate vulnerabilities, and the importance of integrating research into decision making processes. Baker ultimately argues that mapping tools offer a promising opportunity for integrating research into policy decision making as part of a second generation of EJ practice. Key areas that Lee identifies as important to the continued development of more effective EJ practice include: identifying good models for quantitative studies and analysis, assembling a spectrum of different integrative approaches (to fit different contexts), connecting EJ research to policy implications, and being attentive to historical contexts and processes that produce/reproduce structural inequities.

Joshua Moses

Joshua
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I teach anthropology and environmental studies at Haveford College, just outside of Philly. Currently, I'm holed up in a cabin in the Adirondacks in upstate New York with several family members, including my spouse and 4 year old daughter and 3 dogs. I started working on disasters by accident, when one day in 2001 I was walking to class at NYU and saw the World Trade Center buildings on flames. I have known Kim for a few year and I contacted her to connect with folks around Covid-19 and its imacts.

I'm particularly intersted in issues of communal grief, mourning, and bereavement. Also, I'm interested in the religious response to Covid-19.

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erin_tuttle
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The authors, Andrew Lakoff and Stephen Collier both study anthropology. They have written several papers together focusing on the social and cultural types of knowledge concerning health and medicine. Lakoff works at the University of Southern California and Collier is the Director of Anthropology for the New School.

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erin_tuttle
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Users interact with the app through video recording in most cases, some of the apps prompt the user to speak and certain times while others are simply a way to send a help message to multiple people quickly. Many of the apps notify the user of a recording that proves they gave consent or that consent was specifically not given, as the apps purpose is to prevent sexual assault and awareness of a recording may prevent an incident from occurring.

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erin_tuttle
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This policy allows Bethel Township, Ohio, paramedics and firefighters to carry concealed firearms on the job under existing gun and concealed carry laws. The implementation of this policy allows for each paramedic to decide if they want to carry a firearm and includes special training for anyone who decides to carry their personal firearm while on duty. The article states that paramedics and firefighters had been the victim of several attacks in which the 911 caller faked a medical condition or reported a fire in order to attack or kidnap the responders. This policy aims to provide a sense of security to responders as well as a means of defending themselves should the situation arise.

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erin_tuttle
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The main argument of this article is that the emergency response to 9/11 could have been more efficient and effective. The article cites a lack of communication between fire chiefs and firefighters in the towers, minimal cooperation between police and fire, as well as the determination of responding units to save as many people as possible even against orders to evacuate.

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erin_tuttle
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Twine provides information and software to set up compatible data collection systems that pool information into the larger system, which the app then makes available to its users. The system also includes a publishing and collaboration aspect which allows groups of people from all over the globe to access the same data and report on the findings together.

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erin_tuttle
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The bibliography shows that the article used extensive resources for accurately describing the programs and funding options for displaced residents of New Orleans, as well as to cite statistics. A significant portion of the article was interviews conducted by the authors about the evacuation, flooding, and lasting effects of Katrina. While some of these interviews were cited, many seem to have been conducted for this article specifically.

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erin_tuttle
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Emergency response is addressed primarily through preventative measures that may minimize the trauma of a disaster. The article suggests that high risk locations need stronger adherence to regulations for buildings, as well as constantly stocked shelters for evacuated individuals to go to during a disaster. Emergency response is also discussed through the statistics given on mental illnesses present in emergency responders after a disaster. The article does not suggest methods of minimizing risk to emergency responders, however the focus on community and government support for victims of a disaster also applies to the strong communities that form among emergency responders.