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Anonymous (not verified)
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Lee argues that EJ practice has long stagnated over an inability to properly define the concept of disproportionate (environmental and public health) impacts, but that national conversations on system racism and the development of EJ mapping tools have improved his outlook on the potential for better application of the concept of disproportionate impact. Lee identifies mapping tools (e.g. CalEnviroScreen) as a pathway for empirically based and analytically rigorous articulation and analysis of disproportionate impacts that are linked to systemic racism. In describing the scope and nature of application of mapping tools, Baker highlights the concept of cumulative impacts (the concentration of multiple environmental, public health, and social stressors), the importance of public participation (e.g. Hoffman’s community science model), the role of redlining in creating disproportionate vulnerabilities, and the importance of integrating research into decision making processes. Baker ultimately argues that mapping tools offer a promising opportunity for integrating research into policy decision making as part of a second generation of EJ practice. Key areas that Lee identifies as important to the continued development of more effective EJ practice include: identifying good models for quantitative studies and analysis, assembling a spectrum of different integrative approaches (to fit different contexts), connecting EJ research to policy implications, and being attentive to historical contexts and processes that produce/reproduce structural inequities.

The Red Spot

The 2008 financial crisis was one of the biggest shifts of wealth away from the Black community.

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Sara_Nesheiwat
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This program, as mentioned earlier is set in Tulane University in New Orleans yet has a lot of global outreach. This program's website has a map showing their direct partners all over the world on the front page. Partners include, Tulane University, RAND Gulf States Policy Institute, Louisiana State University,University of South Alabama, Louisiana Public Health Institute, Benadir University, Catholic Relief Services, dozens of colleges and programs in Africa such as the University of Zimbabwe as well as the Kinshasa School of Public Health, other partners includes UNICEF-Mali and others in Asia, such as Moi University and the Asian Disaster Preparedness Center. Needless to say these are just  few of the many partners this program based out of Tulane has all over the world.

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Sara_Nesheiwat
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It was harder to find this information, but from what I gathered, the concept of national health insurance first became a topic of discussion during the Truman administration. From 1958 to 1964, controversies rose and a bill was drafted, specifically by who is unknown, but the signing of the act was part of Johnson's Great Society. Though names are not listed, it is said that those who previously worked on the King-Anderson Bill drafted this current Medicaid policy and that Wilbur Cohen, Assistant Secretary for Legislation of the Department of Health, Education and Welfare, really pushed for this Medicare bill.  

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Sara_Nesheiwat
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Adriana Petryna has a PhD in Anthropology from UC Berkeley and teaches courses in this field at UPenn. She specializes in globalization and public health as well as medical anthropology. Her interests lie in Europe and the US, mainly the Chernobyl disaster. She centers her work on public and private forms of scientific knowledge production. She is very interested in the way science and technology play a role in the context of crisis.

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Anonymous (not verified)
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A variety of sources were used to make this article, as seen in the bibliography. The authors referenced many US government documents, news and research articles, recovery programs, research on other disasters, and various other works. This shows that the authors were not narrow-minded in their research, they looked for many points of view and other evidence for the article.

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Sara_Nesheiwat
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This article has been cited in a few works, many having to do with Chernobyl or other nuclear disasters such as Fukushima. This reports has also been cited in numerous reputable journals as well as cited by numerous health organizations and experts on the topic. A lot of information from this report has been used to support other works reporting on Chernobyl. 

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Sara_Nesheiwat
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The study addresses vulnerable populations by initially focusing on youths that were in the vicinity of the Fukushima disaster at the time of the event. These subjects are vulnerable due to their proximity to the nuclear disaster, but also due to their age and the fact that they are still developing, causing them to be at more risk. 

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Sara_Nesheiwat
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This was an excerpt from a book entitled "Medicine, rationality, and experience" by Byron J. Good. This book has been cited in 16 different papers and works. Many of the works it has been cited in include anthropology of the Middle East, global health, Nurse and lay community members and other topics associated with anthropology and cultural communication.

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Sara_Nesheiwat
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The American Red Cross is a nonprofit, tax-exempt, charitable organization. The American Red Cross isn't a federal agency, so they do not receive regular federal funding to carry out their services. They get their money from public voluntary contributions and from cost-recovery charges they have for their services, such as health and safety training courses they offer. There are times though that the federal government contracts with the American Red Cross and provides material and aid assistance to support the Red Cross at times.