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Personal experiences and other research articles from scholars and physicians were used to develop the arguments in this article. 

The film provides direct footage of what goes on in the waiting room. It follows the triage nurse, several patients who come in through the waiting room, and several patients who come in from the ambulance. The film also has segments with doctors and social workers. This film does not present with scientific information but more of a real life account for the viewer to observe. The emotional appeal of the film is driven by the connection the viewer develops with some of the patients and ties to any personal experiences the viewer may have with emergency rooms. 

The bibliography for this article included various other articles and papers on global outbreaks and public health. The resources the authors used implies that this article was written in a manner that considered lots of perspectives and research. 

Knowles supports this argument through his investigation and presentation of three historical disasters that occurred in the United States. The disasters he chose included a structural integrity factor and a general malfunction or misuse  of safety equipment. Knowles also discussed policy that resulted because of these disasters. The argument is also supported through his discussion of the events that occurred post 9/11 and the public out cry from that event as well. Knowles discusses the investigation after theses events occurred and how often times there is a lot of opinions and findings as to what the cause of the disaster or equipment failure was. 

"These studies can help us understand what factors are associated with different courses of mental illness, which can help us identify the most vulnerable populations and inform tailored interventions"

"Exposure to potentially traumatic events is disaster-specific and often measured differently between studies, making it difficult to compare experiences and mental health consequences or to generalize findings to all disaster-affected populations (22). Additionally, most instruments that assess symptoms of mental disorder have been developed and validated in the United States (23, 48) and may lack cultural relevance and validity in areas impacted by disasters worldwide"

"Persons who live in a community where a disaster has occured may differ in their degree of exposure in the event. They may be affected directly, being present at the disaster site, or indirectly, having loved ones present at the disaster site or seeing images of the disaster in the media."

Emergency responders are not portrayed in this film.

Researchers use this system in order to find correlations between 9/11 and health disorders as well as to collect  data about those who were exposed during 9/11. 

“legal protection for sick people was still considerably reduced by a decision of the European court of human rights… a Ugandan woman suffering from an advanced stage of AIDS. The court refused the women’s appeal [to stay in Britain for medical reasons] and authorized her deportation."

“Sometimes the foreigner, too, is no more than his body, but this body is no longer the same: useless to the political economy, it now finds its place in a new moral economy that values suffering over labor and compassion more than rights.”

 “The logic of state sovereignty in the control of immigration clearly prevailed over the universality of the principle of the right to life. The compassion protocol had met its limit.”

One way Schmid supports her argument of unification through her discussion and presentation of data from nuclear organizations that single countries have attempted to establish but could not take authority because the practices of nuclear science were still in question. Schmid also discusses that in order to allow proper emergency response individual companies need to share the types of reactors they are using so responders understand the equipment they will have to deal with. Lastly Schmid discusses how nuclear response needs to be more of an international because when a nuclear disaster does strike it is not just the nation in ownership of the nuclear facility that is affected.

"As a result, however, the stories were often quite ambiguous as to the nature of the illness, and it was often unclear whether the stories were "reports of experience" or were largely governed by a typical cultural form or narrative structure"

"Stories, perhaps better than other forms, provide a glimpse of the grand ideas that often seem to elude life and defy rational description. Illness stories often seem to provide an especially fine mesh for catching such ideas. 

"much of what we know about illness we know through stories - stories told by the sick about their experiences, by family members, doctors, healers, and others in the society. This is a simple fact. "An illness" has a narrative structure, although it is not a closed text, and it is composed as a corpus of stories."