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Anonymous (not verified)
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Lee argues that EJ practice has long stagnated over an inability to properly define the concept of disproportionate (environmental and public health) impacts, but that national conversations on system racism and the development of EJ mapping tools have improved his outlook on the potential for better application of the concept of disproportionate impact. Lee identifies mapping tools (e.g. CalEnviroScreen) as a pathway for empirically based and analytically rigorous articulation and analysis of disproportionate impacts that are linked to systemic racism. In describing the scope and nature of application of mapping tools, Baker highlights the concept of cumulative impacts (the concentration of multiple environmental, public health, and social stressors), the importance of public participation (e.g. Hoffman’s community science model), the role of redlining in creating disproportionate vulnerabilities, and the importance of integrating research into decision making processes. Baker ultimately argues that mapping tools offer a promising opportunity for integrating research into policy decision making as part of a second generation of EJ practice. Key areas that Lee identifies as important to the continued development of more effective EJ practice include: identifying good models for quantitative studies and analysis, assembling a spectrum of different integrative approaches (to fit different contexts), connecting EJ research to policy implications, and being attentive to historical contexts and processes that produce/reproduce structural inequities.

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Andreas_Rebmann
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It appeared to be mostly a compilation-based study, amassing and comparing previously completed research to reach the conclusion and build the argument in the paper. Primarily, the author cited outside sources for all of the “heavy-lifting” science, and was primarily drawing the over-arching conclusion about the relationship between natural disasters and epidemics.

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Zackery.White
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This study is published in Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness (DMPHP).  DMPHP is a journal that is focused on emphasizing public health preparedness and disaster response for all health care and public health professionals globally. Using scientific information that they've gathered, they make it accessible and understandable from medical and public health perspectives. As per the title they study many emergency situations such as 9/11, H1N1, and Katrina.

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Andreas_Rebmann
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'Most organizations have their own definitions and categories for reporting incidents, which makes comparative research difficult'

'Typically, perpetrators have complex and even compound motives for committing violence.'

'Finally, there are ethical challenges to gathering more data and disseminating research. These range from the universal, such as ensuring that research does not inadvertently do harm, addressing concerns over patient confidentiality and appropriately sharing the findings with research participants, to concerns specific to research in complex security environments'

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Zackery.White
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The chapter Compassion Protocol in Humanitarian Reason focuses on the change in the French culture in reference to their policy on Immigration Health, and what that might mean in terms of legislature reform. The article discusses an overall change to an overall more compassionate take on the laws.

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Andreas_Rebmann
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It has been cited 5 times, in three papers (The World Trade Center Analyses: Case Study of Ethics, Public Policy and the Engineering Profession; Engineering Risk and Disaster: Disaster-STS and the American History of technology; Making Sense of Disaster) and two books (Expanding the Criminological Imagination: Critical Readings in Crimonology; The Martians Have Landed!: A history of Media-Driven Panics and Hoaxes).