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Anonymous (not verified)
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Lee argues that EJ practice has long stagnated over an inability to properly define the concept of disproportionate (environmental and public health) impacts, but that national conversations on system racism and the development of EJ mapping tools have improved his outlook on the potential for better application of the concept of disproportionate impact. Lee identifies mapping tools (e.g. CalEnviroScreen) as a pathway for empirically based and analytically rigorous articulation and analysis of disproportionate impacts that are linked to systemic racism. In describing the scope and nature of application of mapping tools, Baker highlights the concept of cumulative impacts (the concentration of multiple environmental, public health, and social stressors), the importance of public participation (e.g. Hoffman’s community science model), the role of redlining in creating disproportionate vulnerabilities, and the importance of integrating research into decision making processes. Baker ultimately argues that mapping tools offer a promising opportunity for integrating research into policy decision making as part of a second generation of EJ practice. Key areas that Lee identifies as important to the continued development of more effective EJ practice include: identifying good models for quantitative studies and analysis, assembling a spectrum of different integrative approaches (to fit different contexts), connecting EJ research to policy implications, and being attentive to historical contexts and processes that produce/reproduce structural inequities.

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Alexi Martin
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Emergency response is mentioned in the short and long term, in terms of placing infrastructure to direct and prevent diease. The authors stressed that dealing with epidemics as they happen is important to prevent further spread of diease. While long term repsonses in the past -clinics and medications- were placed, emergency response- going there and fixing the problem was stressed.

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Alexi Martin
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This article has be referenced/discussed through those looking at gender in the role of humaity by groups who are human rights activists, those who treat people in third world areas. As well as an international outreach website that supports treatment of those who have been abused.

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Alexi Martin
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Emergency response is addressed in the article through actions taken by health organizations in threat of an epidemic, national boards use emergency response as a way of protecting  their country  from disease, even though this is most effective through research and prevention. The idea of emergency response is global health security- in keeping the US healthy from epidemics in the past; we were not prepared for AIDS or swine flu.

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Alexi Martin
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The main findings presented in the article is that finding accurate data on violence to healthcare workers is difficult, there are many types of violence and the incidents may not be reported due to fear the participants in the event may have chose not to report them. Violence can also be defined in many different ways creating discrepancies in reporting.

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Alexi Martin
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“With this promising technology, though, arrived a whole series of risks,catastrophic boiler explosions being the most dramatic and the deadliest.”

 

“Dr. Astweh-Asel had no idea then how serendipitous and how surprisingly rare this meeting between investigator and wreckage would come to seem in the weeks and months ahead.”

 

“ No one argued with him over these reinventions in principal, but he was thwarted time and time again over the next fifteen years as he tried to defend them in practice.”