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Anonymous (not verified)
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Lee argues that EJ practice has long stagnated over an inability to properly define the concept of disproportionate (environmental and public health) impacts, but that national conversations on system racism and the development of EJ mapping tools have improved his outlook on the potential for better application of the concept of disproportionate impact. Lee identifies mapping tools (e.g. CalEnviroScreen) as a pathway for empirically based and analytically rigorous articulation and analysis of disproportionate impacts that are linked to systemic racism. In describing the scope and nature of application of mapping tools, Baker highlights the concept of cumulative impacts (the concentration of multiple environmental, public health, and social stressors), the importance of public participation (e.g. Hoffman’s community science model), the role of redlining in creating disproportionate vulnerabilities, and the importance of integrating research into decision making processes. Baker ultimately argues that mapping tools offer a promising opportunity for integrating research into policy decision making as part of a second generation of EJ practice. Key areas that Lee identifies as important to the continued development of more effective EJ practice include: identifying good models for quantitative studies and analysis, assembling a spectrum of different integrative approaches (to fit different contexts), connecting EJ research to policy implications, and being attentive to historical contexts and processes that produce/reproduce structural inequities.

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harrison.leinweber
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It was difficult to figure where this article had been referenced or discussed. It was included in a volume of History and Technology, so it would have been distributed along with the rest of the articles in the book. On "researchgate.net" it did not list anyone who had cited it, so my assumption is that it is not heavily referred to outside of this class.

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Anonymous (not verified)
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The only reference to emergency response is that during the flooding, people were rescued from top floor apartments on rafts by neighbors, not by police or other safety officials. The article mostly deals with recovery from emergencies with national and state organizations and policies.

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harrison.leinweber
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The article discusses how public health crises can suffer from lack of funding due to a number of reasons including organizations not taking responsibility for their actions, inefficient use of resources, and difficulty in fundraising. It also talks about the difficulty of holding international groups accountable for their actions, that warrant an emergency response, in a nation.

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harrison.leinweber
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MSF uses previous sucesses with under their way of providing care to support their misson and future growth. MSF has been active in more than 60 countries providing aid where its needed most. Their continued success of delivering aid and further treatment provides enormouse support.

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harrison.leinweber
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The report was written to examine the severe increase in the number of internally displaced people in Bogot and Cartagena, Columbia. HRW was concerned with the number of people and families being forcibly displaced by paramilitary groups and their lack of access to education and public health services.