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The Emergency Medical Treatment & Labor Act (EMTALA) was enacted by Congress to ensure that patients are granted and provided access to appropriate emergency services and medical care regardless of their ability to pay for the cost of said services and care.

The authors present a psychological, physiological, and physical condition known as "Chronic Disaster Syndrome" which, they argue, is a more appropriate diagnosis of those who have suffered through major disasters or catastrophes instead of the traditional Post Traumatic Stress Disorder or PTSD. The authors present the characteristics and symptoms of this condition and make the case that they are exacerbated and perpetuated by government and private sector failures to sufficiently aid in the recovery to normal conditions by those affected by the disaster. Furthermore, they argue that this condition disproportionately affects the lower class.

The IPPNW is a non-partisan federation of various national medical groups from over 63 countries. The organization represents physicians, medical students, healthcare professionals, and other concerned stakeholders.