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Food stamp (SNAP) rolls increased over the years, and the article addresses that this is a sign of poverty.  The USDA is an agency that administers food stamps.

The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) and Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) are two agencies that many low-income families are enrolled in.  WIC provides nutritious food for pregnant, breastfeeding and postpartum women, infants and children up to the age of five; it is specifically available for household up to 185 percent of the federal poverty lines.  SNAP provides low-income families with nutritious food.

This study determines if childhood blood lead levels correlate with educational achievement.  They studied this through standardized test scores.

The sources of resilience come when the economy improves.  This graph shows that the poverty rate had increased from 2008-2009 because of the recession the country went through.

Some vulnerabilities affecting Essex county include households an influx of headed by one parent, births by unmarried women, and weak family economic security.