Analyze

In April 2024, Formosa Plastics Corp. USA was among 137 companies to receive the 2023 Pinnacle Award by the Union Pacific Railroad for "safe shipping of hazardous materials". The transport company honors cusotmers that "release prevention protocols, corrective action plans and have zero non-accident releases of regulated hazardous materials shipments". 

Meanwhile, journalists at the Intercept have followed how in the aftermath of the East Palestine train disaster, lobbyists have both weakened rail safety (Thakker 2023) and supported the buildout of toxic polyvinylchloride (PVC) production (Mitchell 2023, 2024). The latter includes Formosa Plastics planned expansions in Louisiana's St. James Parish.

“Since asthma surveillance data were not available at the census tract level for most of Louisiana, we estimated asthma burden using the inpatient discharge data available through LDH.”  (4)

“Case counts are not provided for CTs with a 2018 population of less than 800 to safeguard privacy.” (4)

“To minimize the need for suppression, inpatient discharge data was aggregated for the three most recent years available (2017–2019) and average annual crude rates were calculated for cases where asthma (ICD-10 code J45) was the primary diagnosis, as well as where asthma was any diagnosis.” (4)

“Spearman’s Rank Correlation was utilized to analyze the correlation between various social and environmental vulnerability factors, COVID-19 incidence, and the measures of asthma risk by CT.” (4)

“This was performed by first ranking the values in each dataset using RANK.AVG function in MS Excel 2016, followed by applying the PEARSON function to compare two datasets. Significance was set at alpha less than 0.05 (α < 0.05), with degrees of freedom (df) equal to two less than the total number of data points represented in both datasets” (4)

The research team works for the Section of Environmental Epidemiology and Toxicology, Office of Public Health, Louisiana Department of Health in Baton Rouge. Team members included Arundhati Bakshi; Shanon Soileau; Collete Stewart; Kate Friedman; Collete Maser; Alexis Williams; Kathleen Aubin; and Alicia Van Doren. 

“Currently, much of the environmental focus of the pandemic remains on PM2.5 levels; however, we noted that higher levels of ozone was consistently associated with higher incidence rates of COVID-19, and it was the only environmental factor that appeared to have an additive effect over SVI on COVID-19 incidence (Fig 1).” (11)

“Specifically, our data show a moderately strong positive correlation between SVI due to minority status/language barrier and three health data variables: asthma hospitalization; estimated asthma prevalence; and cumulative COVID-19 incidence at 3 months (Table 2). Interestingly, SVI measures were either negatively or not significantly correlated COVID-19 incidence at the 9-and 12-month time points, indicating that social vulnerability factors may have played a greater role in COVID-19 spread early in the pandemic, but may have been of diminishing importance as the pandemic wore on (Fig 1 and Table 2).” (9)

Bakshi A, Van Doren A, Maser C, Aubin K, Stewart C, Soileau S, et al. (2022) Identifying Louisiana communities at the crossroads of environmental and social vulnerability, COVID-19, and asthma. PLoS ONE 17(2): e0264336. https:// doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0264336. 

This document uses data resources from the Center for Disease Control/Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (CDC/ATSDR), the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and the Louisiana Department of Health (LDH).

These data resources include the Social Vulnerability Index (2018 - CDC/ATSDR), the NATA Respiratory Hazard Index (EPA 2014), PM2.5level (average annual concentration in ug/m3, EPA 2016), ozone level (summer seasonal average of daily maximum 8-hour concentration in air in parts per billion, EPA 2016), indoor mold concerns reported to IEQES program (average annual number of calls, LDH 2017-2019), cumulative COVID-19 incidence rate at 3-, 6-, 9- and 12-month increments (LDH March 2020 - March 2021), asthma hospitalization (average annual crude rate, where asthma was a primary diagnosis among hospitalization cases, LDH 2017-2019), and estimated asthma prevalence (average annual crude rate, where asthma was any diagnosis among hospitalization cases, LDH 2017-2019).

Ochsner Health is a 501(c)3 not-for-profit organization and one of the US’s largest non-university academic medical centers.  It encompasses 46 hospitals and more than 370 health and urgent care centers. There are more than 38,000 team members and over 4,700 physicians employed or affiliated with Oschner. 

Ochsner. N.d. “About Ochsner.” https://www.ochsner.org/about-ochsner. Accessed March 1, 2024. 

Xavier University of Louisiana -  Oschner and Xavier’s partnership has been centered around establishing a joint College of Medicine, to “create a strong physician pipeline that addresses longstanding inequities within the nation’s health care system and builds the health care workforce of the future” (Xavier University 2023). Xavier and Oschner have partnered since the early 1980s, when Oschner began offering clinical training sites for Xavier pharmacy students. Today, Ochsner and Xavier have established a master data sharing and use agreement that provides Xavier faculty with access to Oschner Health’s electronic medical record data. The program has hired four data scientists to provide data analytic services to Xavier faculty. They have also worked together to launch Oschner’s health equity data and quality improvement strategy. Advocacy emerging from this partnership has focused on the expansion of services covered by Medicaid to include tobacco cessation, as well as increasing access to evidence-based maternal health technology. 

“Xavier University of Louisiana and Ochsner Health Partner to Create College of Medicine and Pursue Health, Educational Equity - Xavier University of Louisiana.” n.d. Accessed February 27, 2024. https://www.xula.edu/news/2023/01/xavier-university-of-louisiana-and-ochsner-health-partner-to-create-college-of-medicine-and-pursue-health-educational-equity.html.

Ochsner. 2023. “Ochsner Health-Community Benefit Report.” https://issuu.com/ochsnerweb/docs/communitybenefitreport_8x10.5_final. 

Chevron - Oschner’s partnership with Chevron is centered around a smoking cessation and education program that was launched in 2021. In 2023, Chevron opted to continue the partnership for a third consecutive year through a $50,000 donation. The program is offered in the following parishes: Jefferson, St. Tammany, East Baton Rouge, West Baton Rouge, Ascension, St. Charles, Terrebonne, and Lafourche.  In a press release for Oschner, cigarette smoking was described as “the leading cause of preventable deaths and diseases in the nation” (Oschner 2023). The release refers to America’s Health Rankings data that indicates smoking as one of the top 20 factors shaping poor health in Louisiana. This program is part of Oschner’s broader Healthy State initiative. Chevron funding also supports initiatives to encourage low-dose CT scans (to detect and diagnose lung cancer), teach high school students about the risks of smoking, and teach people to recognize and treat the stressors that lead to smoking.

Oschner. 2023. “Ochsner Health and Chevron Partner for a Third Consecutive Year to Offer Smoking Cessation and Education Program.” n.d. Online Newsroom. Accessed February 28, 2024. https://news.ochsner.org/news-releases/ochsner-health-and-chevron-partner-for-a-third-consecutive-year-to-offer-smoking-cessation-and-education-program.